A humeral hemiarthroplasty with biologic resurfacing of the glenoid using an allo-Achilles tendon: two case reports

A hemiarthroplasty with biologic resurfacing of the glenoid is one procedure that can be performed in young patients where total shoulder arthroplasty may be difficult. The authors introduced two cases in which this procedure was performed. This approach is one treatment option for young glenoid humeral arthritis patients that addresses some of the shortcomings of an isolated hemiarthroplasty.

A humeral hemiarthroplasty with biologic resurfacing of the glenoid using an allo-Achilles tendon: two case reports

A hemiarthroplasty with biologic resurfacing of the glenoid is one procedure that can be performed in young patients where total shoulder arthroplasty may be difficult. The authors introduced two cases in which this procedure was performed. This approach is one treatment option for young glenoid humeral arthritis patients that addresses some of the shortcomings of an isolated hemiarthroplasty.

Comparison of Postoperative Results According to Fungus Ball Extension in Maxillary Sinus / 대한이비인후과학회지

Background and Objectives@#Fungus ball is the most common type of fungal sinusitis commonly associated with good prognosis. However, postoperative results depending on the extent of the lesion has not been investigated. This study aimed to identify differences in postoperative results depending on the location and extent of the fungus ball.Subjects and Method Medical records of 165 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and who were diagnosed with fungus balls by biopsy from 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into four grades according to the location and extent of the fungus ball based on their endoscopic and CT findings. Poor outcome is defined as any pathologic signs such as nasal secretion, granulation, and polyps or narrowing of the natural ostium observed postoperatively according to Kennedy’s criteria, whereas good outcome is defined as absence of pathologic signs. @*Results@#A total of 23 patients were Grade 1, 38 Grade 2, 67 Grade 3, and 37 Grade 4. Grades 1 and 2 were mostly asymptomatic. However, as the location of the fungus ball became closer to the natural ostium, patients complained postnasal drip and purulent discharge. Grades 3 and 4, who have much severe and more extensive lesions than those of Grades 1 and 2, had poor outcome (p=0.007) and took longer time to completely recover (p<0.001). @*Conclusion@#Wound healing was delayed and poor when the fungus ball was located closer to the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus. Therefore, preoperative consultation using endoscopic and CT findings could be useful for predicting their postoperative results.

Characteristic of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Objective Vestibular Involvement / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the difference in audiologic-vestibular and clinical characteristics between acute cochlea-vestibulopathy (ACV) and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 91 patients diagnosed as sudden hearing loss (ACV; n=20, ISSNHL; n=71). Patients with vestibular hypofunction were categorized as ACV and all others as ISSNHL. Demographics and clinical findings were compared. Audiologic features such as degree of hearing loss, type of audiometric configuration and hearing improvements were analyzed. In addition, vestibular function test results and hearing recovery were further analyzed among ACV group.@*RESULTS@#Demographics and other clinical findings were not much different between groups. There was a significant difference with respect to audiologic features between the ACV group and ISSNHL group: the initial hearing threshold of the ACV group was higher than that of the ISSNHL group, and their treatment onset was also shorter. There was also a significant difference in the hearing outcome showing very low rate of complete recovery in ACV group. The final hearing threshold of the ACV group was higher than that of the ISSNHL group. Dizziness was the only significant variable in the multiple regression analysis. In the ACV group, the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential inter-aural amplitude difference (cVEMP IAD) ratio showed a correlation to the hearing recovery in some frequencies; patients with no cVEMP response showed poor outcome compared to those with cVEMP waveform.@*CONCLUSION@#The ACV group shows a poor prognosis just as in the case of sudden hearing loss defined in the traditional sense of vertigo. The IAD value of the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials test will be helpful in assessing hearing improvement, especially when a high IAD value at the middle frequency is associated with a poor prognosis.

Change of the Pure Tone Threshold as a Function of Frequency and Clinical Characteristics in Definite Meniere's Disease / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES@#One of the characteristics of Meniere’s disease is pure tone threshold shift at low frequencies in the lesion; although, in some patients, more pure tone threshold shifts were also shown at mid or high frequencies. Authors speculated that the most varied pure tone frequency may be related with diversity of clinical symptoms and other characteristics.SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We reviewed medical records of 85 patients who met the criteria of definite Meniere’s disease (1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery). Patients were classified into 3 groups (high frequency, mid frequency, low frequency) depending on the frequency at which pure tone threshold changes encountered the most. The vestibular function tests and clinical characteristics were compared between the groups.@*RESULTS@#Thirty-six patients (42.0%) showed pure tone threshold changes at 0.25 or 0.5 kHz (low frequency group). Twenty-five patients (30.0%) showed greatest pure tone threshold change at 1 or 2 kHz (mid frequency group). Twenty-four patients (28.0%) belonged to the high frequency group with most changes taking place not lower than 4 kHz. Frequency of vertigo attack, and duration of vertigo attack did not differ between the groups. Low frequency group showed more chance of tinnitus with statistical significance. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) abnormality was more frequently encountered in the low frequency group.@*CONCLUSION@#This study shows that changes in the pure tone threshold is not confined to low frequencies in definite Meniere’s disease. Patients with pure tone threshold changes at low frequencies have more chance of tinnitus and abnormal cVEMP.

Relationship of the Shape of Subacromial Spur and Rotator Cuff Partial Thickness Tear

BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between location of the rotator cuff tear and shape of the subacromial spur. METHODS: Totally, 80 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic repair for partial thickness rotator cuff tear were enrolled for the study. Bigliani's type of the acromion, type of subacromial spur, and location of partial thickness tear of the rotator cuff were evaluated using plain X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging. We then compared the groups of no spur with spur, and heel with traction spur. RESULTS: Of the 80 cases, 25 cases comprised the no spur group, and 55 cases comprised the spur group. There was a significant difference in type of tear (p=0.0004) between these two groups. Bursal side tears were significantly greater (odds ratio=6.000, p=0.0007) in the spur group. Subjects belonging to the spur group were further divided into heel (38 cases) and traction spur (17 cases). Comparing these two groups revealed significant differences only in the type of tear (p=0.0001). Furthermore, the heel spur had significantly greater bursal side tear (odds ratio=29.521, p=0.0005) as compared to traction spur. CONCLUSIONS: The heel spur is more associated to bursal side tear than the traction spur, whereas the traction spur associates greater to the articular side tear.

Characteristic of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Objective Vestibular Involvement / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To analyze the difference in audiologic-vestibular and clinical characteristics between acute cochlea-vestibulopathy (ACV) and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 91 patients diagnosed as sudden hearing loss (ACV; n=20, ISSNHL; n=71). Patients with vestibular hypofunction were categorized as ACV and all others as ISSNHL. Demographics and clinical findings were compared. Audiologic features such as degree of hearing loss, type of audiometric configuration and hearing improvements were analyzed. In addition, vestibular function test results and hearing recovery were further analyzed among ACV group. RESULTS: Demographics and other clinical findings were not much different between groups. There was a significant difference with respect to audiologic features between the ACV group and ISSNHL group: the initial hearing threshold of the ACV group was higher than that of the ISSNHL group, and their treatment onset was also shorter. There was also a significant difference in the hearing outcome showing very low rate of complete recovery in ACV group. The final hearing threshold of the ACV group was higher than that of the ISSNHL group. Dizziness was the only significant variable in the multiple regression analysis. In the ACV group, the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential inter-aural amplitude difference (cVEMP IAD) ratio showed a correlation to the hearing recovery in some frequencies; patients with no cVEMP response showed poor outcome compared to those with cVEMP waveform. CONCLUSION: The ACV group shows a poor prognosis just as in the case of sudden hearing loss defined in the traditional sense of vertigo. The IAD value of the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials test will be helpful in assessing hearing improvement, especially when a high IAD value at the middle frequency is associated with a poor prognosis.

Change of the Pure Tone Threshold as a Function of Frequency and Clinical Characteristics in Definite Meniere's Disease / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the characteristics of Meniere’s disease is pure tone threshold shift at low frequencies in the lesion; although, in some patients, more pure tone threshold shifts were also shown at mid or high frequencies. Authors speculated that the most varied pure tone frequency may be related with diversity of clinical symptoms and other characteristics. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We reviewed medical records of 85 patients who met the criteria of definite Meniere’s disease (1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery). Patients were classified into 3 groups (high frequency, mid frequency, low frequency) depending on the frequency at which pure tone threshold changes encountered the most. The vestibular function tests and clinical characteristics were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (42.0%) showed pure tone threshold changes at 0.25 or 0.5 kHz (low frequency group). Twenty-five patients (30.0%) showed greatest pure tone threshold change at 1 or 2 kHz (mid frequency group). Twenty-four patients (28.0%) belonged to the high frequency group with most changes taking place not lower than 4 kHz. Frequency of vertigo attack, and duration of vertigo attack did not differ between the groups. Low frequency group showed more chance of tinnitus with statistical significance. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) abnormality was more frequently encountered in the low frequency group. CONCLUSION: This study shows that changes in the pure tone threshold is not confined to low frequencies in definite Meniere’s disease. Patients with pure tone threshold changes at low frequencies have more chance of tinnitus and abnormal cVEMP.

Analysis of Treatment Outcome Associated with Pre-Operative Diagnostic Accuracy Changes and Dental Treatment Timing in Odontogenic Sinusitis Involving Unilateral Maxillary Sinus / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES@#Unilateral sinusitis is caused by various factors. Odontogenic sinusitis; especially, is different from non-odontogenic sinusitis in clinical features and prognosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognosis of odontogenic sinusitis in accordance with the changes in diagnostic accuracy over time and the timing of dental treatment.SUBJECTS AND METHOD: 195 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for unilateral sinusitis within the interval from 2006 to 2017 were reviewed to analyze the etiologies and clinical characteristics. Preoperative CT was assessed to identify patients who had not been diagnosed with odontogenic sinusitis in the past. In the unilateral bacterial sinusitis, we identified changes in incidence, diagnostic accuracy, and outcome in the odontogenic sinusitis. We divided odontogenic sinusitis patients into three groups: preoperative and intraoperative dental treatment group, postoperative dental treatment group, and untreated group. Then we analyzed the difference in prognosis of these three groups.@*RESULTS@#The total number of patients with odontogenic sinusitis was 86 (44%), which accounted for about 36% until 2011, but increased to about 48% after 2013. From 2006 to 2011, there were 15 cases of missed diagnosis of odontogenic sinusitis, but there was 1 case in 2012 and no cases since 2013. The treatment outcome of unilateral bacterial sinusitis was significantly increased from 84.1% before 2011 to 96% after 2012. The success rate was 97.1% in the case of accurate diagnosis of odontogenic sinusitis, but the success rate was 43.8% in case of missed diagnosis. In odontogenic sinusitis, the success rate was low when dental treatment was not performed. However, there was no difference in success rate among different dental treatment timings.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of odontogenic sinusitis has steadily increased over the last decade. The prognosis has been improved by appropriate treatment under accurate diagnosis through preoperative examination and radiological evaluation. There was no difference in the prognosis of odontogenic sinusitis according to the dental treatment time. Therefore, it is a good choice for tooth preservation to have an endoscopic sinus surgery first and then decide the dental treatment timing.

Relationship of the Shape of Subacromial Spur and Rotator Cuff Partial Thickness Tear

BACKGROUND@#The present study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between location of the rotator cuff tear and shape of the subacromial spur.@*METHODS@#Totally, 80 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic repair for partial thickness rotator cuff tear were enrolled for the study. Bigliani's type of the acromion, type of subacromial spur, and location of partial thickness tear of the rotator cuff were evaluated using plain X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging. We then compared the groups of no spur with spur, and heel with traction spur.@*RESULTS@#Of the 80 cases, 25 cases comprised the no spur group, and 55 cases comprised the spur group. There was a significant difference in type of tear (p=0.0004) between these two groups. Bursal side tears were significantly greater (odds ratio=6.000, p=0.0007) in the spur group. Subjects belonging to the spur group were further divided into heel (38 cases) and traction spur (17 cases). Comparing these two groups revealed significant differences only in the type of tear (p=0.0001). Furthermore, the heel spur had significantly greater bursal side tear (odds ratio=29.521, p=0.0005) as compared to traction spur.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The heel spur is more associated to bursal side tear than the traction spur, whereas the traction spur associates greater to the articular side tear.

Long-Term Outcome of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients with Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) tend to have more severe clinical course and also tend to be recalcitrant to conventional medical and surgical treatment. This study aimed to assess the long-term outcome of endoscopic sinus surgery in AERD patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Fifteen patients with AERD (n=15) were identified through a retro-spective chart review, and compared with 74 patients of CRSwNP (with asthma n=23; without asthma n=51) by analyzing preoperative and postoperative symptoms, endoscopic score, Lund-Mackay CT score, number of revision surgery or outpatient procedures, frequency of clinic visits and medications. The CRS control status was evaluated according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012 criteria and logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the determining factors of preoperative and postoperative symptoms. RESULTS: The AERD group showed higher disease severity than other groups preoperatively: endoscopic score (CRSwNP s asthma 6.3±2.6 vs. CRSwNP c asthma 6.5±2.3 vs. AERD 8.8±1.4, p<0.05), CT score (12.2±4.9 vs. 17.0±4.8 vs. 18.0±2.1, p<0.05), and overall symptom score (30.8±0.4 vs. 33.8±1.5 vs. 37.9±0.7, p<0.01). The rate of revision surgery and outpatient procedures, postoperative clinic visit and prescription rate were higher in the AERD group (p<0.05, respectively). However, postoperative symptom scores and CRS control status were not significantly different among three groups (p=0.267 and p=0.996, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although AERD patients showed higher preoperative endoscopic scores and revision surgery rates, postoperative subjective symptoms were comparable to those of other groups with long-term follow up, suggesting the importance of frequent outpatient care after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Anatomical Locking Plate with Additional K-wire Fixation for Distal Clavicle Fracture

BACKGROUND: Neer type II distal clavicle fractures have the drawback of coracoclavicular instability and insufficient distal bony fragment, thereby making it difficult to achieve adequate fixation. Although various surgical treatments have been described for Neer type II fracture, the optimal treatment remains controversial. This study reports the clinical results and usefulness of anatomical locking plate with additional K-wire fixation. METHODS: A totally of 21 patients with type II distal clavicle fracture were included in the study. The surgical procedure reduced the fracture temporarily; it included insertion of one or two K-wire from the lateral margin of the distal fragment to the proximal fragment through the fracture site, followed by application and fixation of the locking plate. The bony union and migration of K-wire was evaluated in the follow-up radiography. The coracoclavicular distance and acromioclavicular joint arthrosis were assessed at the final follow-up. The Constant Score (CS) and Korean Shoulder Score (KSS) were evaluated for clinical scoring. RESULTS: Bone union was achieved in all cases. At the final follow-up, coracoclavicular distance of the injured shoulder was increased, as compared to the intact shoulder (p=0.002), with no accompanying clinical symptoms. No K-wire migration was observed. At the final follow-up, K-wire irritation was observed in two cases and acromioclavicular arthrosis in one case, with no other adverse effects. Pain visual analogue scale, CS, and KSS were improved in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The method of anatomical locking plate with additional K-wire fixation could be useful in achieving beneficial clinical results.

Is Intraoperative Use of QuikClot Combat Gauze Effective for Hemostasis after Total Knee Arthroplasty?

BACKGROUND: To assess the hemostatic effect of QuikClot Combat Gauze (QCG) compared to that of standard gauze during cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: Sixty knees underwent TKA using a pneumatic tourniquet in this prospective randomized study. After implantation of the femoral and tibial components and hardening of the bone cement, the tourniquet was deflated and QCG (group 1) or standard gauze (group 2) was packed into the joint cavity for 5 minutes for hemostasis. Perioperative bleeding volume and blood transfusion volume were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The mean intraoperative bleeding volume was 64.7 ± 12.7 mL in group 1 and 63.9 ± 9.2 mL in group 2 (p = 0.808). The mean postoperative blood drainage was 349.0 ± 170.6 mL in group 1 and 270.1 ± 136.3 mL in group 2 (p = 0.057). The average postoperative blood transfusion volume was 323.7 ± 325.9 mL in group 1 and 403.6 ± 274.8 mL in group 2 (p = 0.314). CONCLUSIONS: QCG was not significantly effective for reducing perioperative bleeding volume or the blood transfusion rate compared with standard gauze during TKA.

A Case of Laryngeal Candidiasis Presented as Laryngeal Leukoplakia

Candida exists in the oral cavity as normal flora, which is cultured in 7% of the population. And the development of candidiasis is usually related to the systemic or local immunosuppressed status such as diabetes, long-term antibiotics, steroid, radiation therapy or chemotherapy. However, isolated laryngeal candidiasis in immunocompetent patients is a rare entity with fewer than 40 cases reported in the world. Symptoms of laryngeal candidiasis are variable such as hoarseness, dysphagia, or odynophagia according to its extent, but it has clinical importance because of its resemblance with laryngeal premalignant or malignant lesions. Diagnosis is made by biopsy under direct laryngoscopy with special staining to identify the hyphae. In this article, we report a case of laryngeal candidiasis presented as leukoplakia localized on vocal fold with literature reviews.

Anatomical Locking Plate with Additional K-wire Fixation for Distal Clavicle Fracture

BACKGROUND: Neer type II distal clavicle fractures have the drawback of coracoclavicular instability and insufficient distal bony fragment, thereby making it difficult to achieve adequate fixation. Although various surgical treatments have been described for Neer type II fracture, the optimal treatment remains controversial. This study reports the clinical results and usefulness of anatomical locking plate with additional K-wire fixation. METHODS: A totally of 21 patients with type II distal clavicle fracture were included in the study. The surgical procedure reduced the fracture temporarily; it included insertion of one or two K-wire from the lateral margin of the distal fragment to the proximal fragment through the fracture site, followed by application and fixation of the locking plate. The bony union and migration of K-wire was evaluated in the follow-up radiography. The coracoclavicular distance and acromioclavicular joint arthrosis were assessed at the final follow-up. The Constant Score (CS) and Korean Shoulder Score (KSS) were evaluated for clinical scoring. RESULTS: Bone union was achieved in all cases. At the final follow-up, coracoclavicular distance of the injured shoulder was increased, as compared to the intact shoulder (p=0.002), with no accompanying clinical symptoms. No K-wire migration was observed. At the final follow-up, K-wire irritation was observed in two cases and acromioclavicular arthrosis in one case, with no other adverse effects. Pain visual analogue scale, CS, and KSS were improved in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The method of anatomical locking plate with additional K-wire fixation could be useful in achieving beneficial clinical results.

Efficacy and Safety of Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery with respect to patient outcomes and complication rates. METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2014, we conducted a retrospective study of patients who had immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) and delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS) with an interval of one to two months between the first and the fellow eye operations. The changes in visual acuity, manifest spherical equivalent, and refractive error of 140 eyes of 70 patients of both groups were compared postoperatively at one month. The incidence of endophthalmitis was investigated during the same period. RESULTS: At one month postoperatively, log MAR best corrected visual acuity were measured to be 0.06 +/- 0.72 in the ISBCS group and 0.09 +/- 0.66 in the DSBCS group, and that of the fellow eyes were 0.07 +/- 0.64 and 0.07 +/- 0.18, respectively (p = 0.331, p = 0.781, respectively). The postoperative spherical equivalents were -0.18 +/- 0.23 D in the ISBCS group and -0.19 +/- 0.25 D in the DSCBS group, and that of the fellow eyes were -0.15 +/- 0.18 D and -0.16 +/- 0.21 D, respectively. There were no significant statistical differences between the two groups (p = 0.835, p = 0.676, respectively). The postoperative refractive error was -0.20 +/- 0.21 D in the ISCBS group and -0.18 +/- 0.13 D in the DSBCS group, and that of the fellow eyes were -0.14 +/- 0.22 D and -0.19 +/- 0.22 D, respectively (p = 0.482, p = 0.237, respectively). A total of 21,140 eyes had cataract surgery performed, and only 10 eyes (0.05%) developed endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis did not occur in the ISBCS group. CONCLUSIONS: In experienced hands, with stringent patient selection criteria and with a strict aseptic protocol, ISBCS can safely provide comparable visual outcome and better satisfaction of the patient with good efficacy.

Comparison of Contrast Sensitivity with ACV (Visual Capacity Analyzer) in Different Types of Posterior Capsular Opacification

PURPOSE: To compare contrast sensitivity (CS) in type and degree of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in pseudophakic eyes before and after neodymium: YAG capsulotomy. METHODS: Nine eyes with fibrosis-type PCO and 26 with Elschnig-pearl type PCO were examined for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CS before and 1 week after capsulotomy. CS was tested with visual capacity analyzer (ACV) which uses a Landolt ring of 5 different spatial frequencies (SF) under two different conditions of day (100cd/m2) and night (30cd/m2). The patients were divided into two groups based on the BCVA before capsulotomy: Group A, 4 eyes and 18 eyes with below 0.63 in fibrosis-type and pearls-type PCO, respectively; Group B, 5 eyes and 8 eyes with above 0.63 in fibrosis-type and pearls-type PCO, respectively. RESULTS: The patients with PCO had worse BCVA and CS, but these were improved by Nd: YAG capsulotomy. This was not affected by the types and degrees of PCO. In the daytime condition, CS of B group was worse at all SF in patients with pearl-type PCO than in those with fibrosis-type PCO before capsulotomy, except 19 cpd (p0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the daytime condition, the patients with pearls-type PCO of relatively poor BCVA had lower CS than those with fibrosis-type PCO.

Corneal Topographic Asymmetry and LASIK

PURPOSE: The cornea of the keratoconus patient that is one of the contraindications in refractive surgery shows severe topographic asymmetry and the lower curvature is much steeper than the upper one. In this study, we evaluated whether the mild to moderate topographic asymmetry which does not fall under the Rabinowitz-McDonnell's keratoconus criteria(I-S value>3.0 D) would affect the LASIK results. METHODS: The maximal diopter difference in central 3 mm-zone(MDD-3) of the pre-LASIK topography, the postoperative best uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) and the postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) were analyzed in 248 eyes of 124 patients retrospectively. We divided the patients into 2 groups according to the magnitude of MDD-3(MDD-3 OR =1.0 D in group 2). In the same manner, the patients were divided into 2 groups according to the magnitude of MDD-5(MDD-5 OR =1.0 D in group B) using 5 mm-zone. RESULTS: Between group 1 and 2, statistically significant difference was not observed in postoperative UCVA and BCVA(p>0.05). Between group A and B, statistically significant difference was not observed in postoperative UCVA and BCVA(p>0.05), either. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that the mild pre-LASIK topographic asymmetry would not affect the visual acuity after LASIK.